Biodiesel | HVO

The growth of the world's population, as well as the growth of its needs (for personal transport, cargo transportation, travel, additional energy consumption, etc.), impose on developed and actively developing countries more and more obligations to limit emissions of harmful substances into the environment, to switch to more stringent standards of fuel quality and to widely introduce the "Green Deal". Energy consumption has increased by more than a quarter since the beginning of the century, and there is a clear tendency away from coal and toward much less environmentally hazardous natural gas and, gradually, toward biofuels. We are especially interested in biofuel, considering that this type of fuel is produced both from raw materials of plant and animal origin, and from various organic wastes of industrial production, which include oil and fat wastes

In the structure of biofuels, the main part, up to 60%, are the traditional solid forms: wood, plant residues of agriculture and woodworking industry, peat, manure and litter. Part of this waste is used to produce the second most common form of biofuel - gaseous. Most of the biogas is produced by several species of bacteria, the main one being the class of methanogens, as a by-product of their metabolism in an anaerobic environment. Recently, the production of gaseous fuel from hydrogen in photobioreactors by single-celled green algae has also been actively investigated. The third and most important form for us - liquid - is represented by ethanol (up to 3/4 of the liquid biofuel market volume), biodiesel (almost a quarter of the market) and hydrogenated vegetable oil, or so-called HVO, which so far accounts for only a few percent